A literature search was done on August 17, 1998 (Medline data base, 1966 to present) using "Local Lymph Node Assay" as the key phrase. Following are the 69 articles retrieved.

Arts, J. H., S. C. Droge, N. Bloksma, and C. F. Kuper. 1996. Local lymph node activation in rats after dermal application of the sensitizers 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and trimellitic anhydride. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34:55-62.

Arts, J. H., S. C. Droge, S. Spanhaak, N. Bloksma, A. H. Penninks, and C. F. Kuper. 1997. Local lymph node activation and IgE responses in brown Norway and Wistar rats after dermal application of sensitizing and non-sensitizing chemicals. Toxicology 117:229-234.

Ashby, J., J. Hilton, R. J. Dearman, R. D. Callander, and I. Kimber. 1993. Mechanistic relationship among mutagenicity, skin sensitization, and skin carcinogenicity. Environ. Health Persp. 101:62-67.

Ashby, J., J. Hilton, R. J. Dearman, I. Kimber. 1995. Streptozotocin: Inherent but not expressed skin sensitizing activity. Contact Derm. 33:165-167.

Ashby, J., D. A. Basketter, D. Paton, and I. Kimber. 1995. Structure activity relationships in skin sensitization using the murine local lymph node assay. Toxicology 103:177-194.

Ashby, J., H. Tinwell, R. D. Callander, I. Kimber, P. Clay, S. M. Galloway, R. B. Hill, S. K. Greenwood, M. E. Gaulden, M. J. Ferguson, E. Vogel, M. Nivard, J. M. Parry, and J. Williamson. 1997. Thalidomide: Lack of mutagenic activity across phyla and genetic endpoints. Mutat. Res. 396:45-64.

Basketter, D. A., and I. Kimber. 1996. Olive oil: Suitability for use as a vehicle in the local lymph node assay. Contact Derm. 35:190-191.

Basketter, D. A., and E. W. Scholes. 1992. Comparison of the local lymph node assay with the guinea-pig maximization test for the detection of a range of contact allergens. Food Chem. Toxicol. 30:65-69.

Basketter, D. A., E. W. Scholes, M. Cumberbatch, C. D. Evans, and I. Kimber. 1992. Sulphanilic acid: Divergent results in the guinea pig maximization test and the local lymph node assay. Contact Derm. 27:209-213.

Basketter, D. A., D. W. Roberts, M. Cronin, and E. W. Scholes. 1992. The value of the local lymph node assay in quantitative structure-activity investigations. Contact Derm. 27:137-142.

Basketter, D. A., E. Selbie, E. W. Scholes, D. Lees, I. Kimber, and P. A. Botham. 1993. Results with OECD recommended positive control sensitizers in the maximization, Buehler and local lymph node assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 31:63-67.

Basketter, D. A., J. N. Bremmer, M. E. Kammuller, T. Kawabata, I. Kimber, S. E. Loveless, S. Magda, T. H. Pal, D. A. Stringer, and H. W. Vohr. 1994. The identification of chemicals with sensitizing or immunosuppressive properties in routine toxicology. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32:289-296.

Basketter, D. A., E. W. Scholes, and I. Kimber. 1994. The performance of the local lymph node assay with chemicals identified as contact allergens in the human maximization test. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32:543-547.

Basketter, D. A., E. W. Scholes, H. Wahlkvist, and J. Montelius. 1995. An evaluation of the suitability of benzocaine as a positive control skin sensitizer. Contact Derm. 33:28-32.

Basketter, D. A., E. W. Scholes, M. Chamberlain, and M. D. Barratt. 1995. An alternative strategy to the use of guinea pigs for the identification of skin sensitization hazard. Food Chem. Toxicol. 33:1051-1056.

Basketter, D. A., G. F. Gerberick, I. Kimber, and S. E. Loveless. 1996. The local lymph node assay: A viable alternative to currently accepted skin sensitization tests. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34:985-97.

Basketter, DA., E. W. Scholes, I. Fielding, R. J. Dearman, J. Hilton, and I. Kimber. 1996. Dichloronitrobenzene: A reappraisal of its skin sensitization potential. Contact Derm. 34:55-58.

Basketter, DA., R. J. Dearman, J. Hilton, and I. Kimber. 1997. Dinitrohalobenzenes: Evaluation of relative skin sensitization potential using the local lymph node assay. Contact Derm. 36:97-100.

Bertrand, F., D. A. Basketter, D. W. Roberts, and J. P. Lepoittevin. 1997. Skin sensitization to eugenol and isoeugenol in mice: Possible metabolic pathways involving ortho-quinone and quinone methide intermediates. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10:335-343.

Bezard, M., A. T. Karlberg, J. Montelius, and J. P. Lepoittevin. 1997. Skin sensitization to linalyl hydroperoxide: Support for radical intermediates. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10:987-993.

Botham, P. A. 1992. Classification of chemicals as sensitisers based on new test methods. Toxicol. Lett. 64-65: 165-171.

Botham, P. A., D. A. Basketter, T. Maurer, D. Mueller, M. Potokar, and W. J. Bontinck. 1991. Skin sensitization–A critical review of predictive test methods in animals and man. Food Chem. Toxicol. 29:275-286.

Botham, P. A., J. Hilton, C. D. Evans, D. Lees, and T. J. Hall. 1991. Assessment of the relative skin sensitizing potency of 3 biocides using the murine local lymph node assay. Contact Derm. 25:172-177.

Boussiquet-Leroux, C., G. Durand-Cavagna, K. Herlin, and D. Holder. 1995. Evaluation of lymphocyte proliferation by immunohistochemistry in the local lymph node assay. J. Appl. Toxicol. 15:465-75.

Chamberlain, M., and D. A. Basketter. 1996. The local lymph node assay: Status of validation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34:999-1002.

Clottens, F. L., A. Breyssens, H. De Raeve, M. Demedts, and B. Nemery. 1996. Assessment of the ear swelling test and the local lymph node assay in hamsters. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Meth. 35:167-72.

Dearman, R. J., E. W. Scholes, L. S. Ramdin, D. A. Basketter, and I. Kimber. 1994. The local lymph node assay: An interlaboratory evaluation of interleukin 6 (IL-6): Production by draining lymph node cells. J. Appl. Toxicol. 14:287-291.

Edwards, D. A., T. M. Soranno, M. A. Amoruso, R. V. House, A. C. Tummey, G. W. Trinuner, P. T. Thomas, and P. L. Ribeiro. 1994. Screening petrochemicals for contact hypersensitivity potential: A comparison of the murine local lymph node assay with guinea pig and human test data. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23:179-187.

Gad, S. C. 1994. The mouse ear swelling test (MEST) in the 1990s. Toxicology 93:33-46.

Gerberick, G. F., R. V. House, E. R. Fletcher, and C. A. Ryan. 1992. Examination of the local lymph node assay for use in contact sensitization risk assessment. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 19:438-445.

Hatao, M., T. Hariya, Y. Katsumura, and S. Kato. 1995. A modification of the local lymph node assay for contact allergenicity screening: Measurement of interleukin-2 as an alternative to radioisotope-dependent proliferation assay. Toxicology 98:15-22.

Hilton, J., and I. Kimber. 1995. The murine local lymph node assay. Meth. Mol. Biol. 43:227-235.

Hilton, I., R. J. Dearman, I. Fielding, D. A. Basketter, and I. Kimber. 1996. Evaluation of the sensitizing potential of eugenol and isoeugenol in mice and guinea pigs. J. Appl. Toxicol. 16:459-464.

Hilton, J., R. J. Dearman, D. A. Basketter, E. W. Scholes, I. Kimber. 1996. Experimental assessment of the sensitizing properties of formaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34:571-578.

Hilton, J., R. J. Dearman, P. Harvey, P. Evans, D. A. Basketter, and I. Kimber. 1998. Estimation of relative skin sensitizing potency using the local lymph node assay: A comparison of formaldehyde with glutaraldehyde. Am. J. Contact Derm. 9:29-33.

Homey, B., H. C. Schuppe, T. Assmann, H. W. Vohr, A. L. Lauerma, T. Ruzicka, and P. Lehmann. 1997. A local lymph node assay to analyse immunosuppressive effects of topically applied drugs. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 325:199-207.

Hostynek, J. J., A. I. Lauerma, P. S. Magee, E. Bloom, and H. I. Maibach. 1995. A local lymph-node assay validation study of a structure-activity relationship model for contact allergens. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 287:567-571.

Ikarashi, Y., T. TsucWya, and A. Nakamura. 1992. Detection of contact sensitivity of metal salts using the murine local lymph node assay. Toxicol. Lett. 62:53-61.

Ikarashi, Y., K. Ohno, T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura. 1992. Differences of draining lymph node cell proliferation among mice, rats and guinea pigs following exposure to metal allergens. Toxicology 76:283-292.

Ikarashi, Y., T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura. 1993. A sensitive mouse lymph node assay with two application phases for detection of contact allergens. Arch. Toxicol. 67:629-636.

Ikarashi, Y., Y. Tsukamoto, T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura. 1993. Influence of irritants on lymph node cell proliferation and the detection of contact sensitivity to metal salts in the murine local lymph node assay. Contact Derm. 29:128-132.

Ikarashi, Y., T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura. 1993. Evaluation of contact sensitivity of rubber chemicals using the murine local lymph node assay. Contact Derm. 28:77-80.

Ikarashi, Y., T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura. 1994. Contact sensitivity to Tinuvin P in mice. Contact Derm. 30:226-230.

Ikarashi, Y., K. Ohno, J. Momma, T. Tsuchiya, and A. Nakamura. 1994. Assessment of contact sensitivity of four thiourea rubber accelerators: Comparison of two mouse lymph node assays with the guinea pig maximization test. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32:1067-1072.

Kimber, I., and D. A. Basketter. 1992. The murine local lymph node assay: A commentary on collaborative studies and new directions. Food Chem. Toxicol. 30:165-169.

Kimber, I. and R. J. Dearman. 1993. Approaches to the identification and classification of chemical allergens in mice. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Meth. 29:11-16.

Kimber, I. and C. Weisenberger. 1989. A murine local lymph node assay for the identification of contact allergens. Assay development and results of an initial validation study. Arch. Toxicol. 63:274-282.

Kimber, I., and C. Weisenberger. 1991. Anamnestic responses to contact allergens: Application in the murine local lymph node assay. J. Appl. Toxicol. 11:129-133.

Kimber, I., J. Hilton, and C. Weisenberger. 1989. The murine local lymph node assay for identification of contact allergens: A preliminary evaluation of in situ measurement of lymphocyte proliferation. Contact Derm. 21:215-220.

Kimber, I. J. Hilton, and P. A. Botham. 1990. Identification of contact allergens using the murine local lymph node assay: comparisons with the Buehler occluded patch test in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Toxicol. 10:173-180.

Kimber, I., J. Hilton, P. A. Botham, D. A. Basketter, E. W. Scholes, K. Miller, M. C. Robbins, P. T. Harrison, T. J. Gray, and S. J. Waite. 1991. The murine local lymph node assay: Results of an inter-laboratory trial. Toxicol. Lett. 55:203-213.

Kimber, I., R. J. Dearman, E. W. Scholes, and D. A. Basketter. 1994. The local lymph node assay: Developments and applications. Toxicology 93:13-31.

Kimber, I., J. Hilton. R. J. Dearman, G. F. Gerberick, C. A. Ryan, D. A. Basketter E. W. Scholes, G. S. Ladics, S. E. Loveless, and R. V. House. 1995. An international evaluation of the murine local lymph node assay and comparison of modified procedures. Toxicol. 103:63-73.

Kimber, I., J. Hilton, R. J. Dearman, G. F. Gerberick, C. A. Ryan, D. A. Basketter, L. Lea, R. V. House, G. S. Ladics, S. E. Loveless, and K. L. Hastings. 1998. Assessment of the skin sensitization potential of topical medicaments using the local lymph node assay: An interlaboratory evaluation. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 53:563-579.

Kuhn, U., U. Lempertz, J. Knop, and D. Becker. 1995. A new method for phenotyping proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells using flow cytometry: Implications for analysis of the immune response in vivo. J. Immunol. Meth. 179:215-222.

Lauerma, A. L., B. Homey, H. W. Vohr, C. H. Lee, E. Bloom, and H. I. Maibach. 1996. Effect of topical cis-urocanic acid on local lymph node activation during contact sensitization in mouse, rat and guinea-pig. Brit. J. Dermatol. 134:904-909.

Loveless, S. E., G. S. Ladics, G. F. Gerberick, C. A. Ryan, D. A. Basketter, E. W. Scholes, R. V. House, J. Hilton, R. J. Dearman, and I. Kimber. 1996. Further evaluation of the local lymph node assay in the final phase of an international collaborative trial. Toxicology 108:141-152.

Mandervelt, C., F. L. Clottens, M. Demedts, and B. Nemery. 1997. Assessment of the sensitization potential of five metal salts in the murine local lymph node assay [see comments]. Toxicology. 120:65-73.

Maurer, T., and I. Kimber. 1991. Draining lymph node cell activation in guinea pigs: Comparisons with the murine local lymph node assay. Toxicology 69:209-218.

Montelius, J., H. Wahlkvist, A. Boman, P. Fernstrom, L. Grabergs, and J. E. Wahlberg. 1994. Experience with the murine local lymph node assay: inability to discriminate between allergens and irritants. Acta Derm.-Venereol. 74:22-27.

Montelius, J., A. Boman, H. Wahlkvist, and J. E. Wahlberg. 1996. The murine local lymph node assay: Search for an alternative, more adequate, vehicle than acetone/olive oil (4: 1). Contact Derm. 34:428-430.

Robinson, M. K., C. A. Cruze. 1996. Preclinical skin sensitization testing of antihistamines: Guinea pig and local lymph node assay responses. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34:495-506.

Sailstad, D. M., J. S. Tepper, D. L. Doerfler, M. Qasim, and M. K. Selgrade. 1994. Evaluation of an azo and two anthraquinone dyes for allergic potential. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23:569-577.

Sailstad, D. M., S. D. Krishnan, J. S. Tepper, D. L. Doerfler, and M. K. Selgrade. 1995. Dietary vitamin A enhances sensitivity of the local lymph node assay. Toxicol. 96:157-63.

Scholes, E. W., D. A. Basketter, V. W. Lovell, A. E. Sarll, and R. U. Pendlington. 1991. The identification of photoallergic potential in the local lymph node assay. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 8:249-254.

Scholes, E. W., D. A. Basketter, A. E. Sarll, I. Kimber, C. D. Evans, K. Miller, M. C. Robbins, P. T. Harrison, and S. J. Waite. 1992. The local lymph node assay: Results of a final inter-laboratory validation under field conditions. J. Appl. Toxicol. 12:217-222.

Sikorski, E. E., G. F. Gerberick, C. A. Ryan, C. M. Miller, and G. M. Ridder. 1996. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph nodes draining the ear following exposure to contact allergens and irritants. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 34:25-35.

Ulrich, P., B. Homey, and H. W. Vohr. 1998. A modified murine local lymph node assay for the differentiation of contact photoallergy from phototoxicity by analysis of cytokine expression in skin-draining lymph node cells. Toxicology 125:149-168.

Vohr H. W., B. Homey, H. C. Schuppe, and P. Kind. 1994. Detection of photoreactivity demonstrated in a modified local lymph node assay in mice. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 10:57-64.